Diversity in clinical trial participation emerged as one of the most important and impassioned topics presented and discussed during the SCOPE 22 Summit in Orlando, Florida. Covid, and its wide-ranging impact, served to reveal how different groups were differently affected, and it shed light on the potential effectiveness of treatment approaches across different groups.
One after another, speakers brought to light our industry’s inability to enroll participants that were representative of the full population the treatments will serve, and also the many challenges to overcoming that deficiency.
Perhaps lesser known, but equally important, is the issue of reporting in trade journals and public registries on race and ethnicity metrics of completed clinical trials. Although some improvement is occurring, it was made clear that there is a lack of consistent regulatory pressure, incentive, and legislative teeth to force the issue on both the enrollment diversity and reporting fronts.
Progress is being made
It wasn’t all bad news. Speakers discussed strategies and tactics that have improved diversity in trials and highlighted approaches to consider for the future.
These presentations were driven by passion and facts. One memorable session was presented by Kimberly Richardson, founder of the Black Cancer Collaborative, and a strong advocate for patients and research, and Ryan Nguyen, DO, chief fellow, hematology and oncology, University of Illinois Cancer Center.
Diversity data
We learned some harsh facts on the current condition of diversity in clinical trials. Here are a few of the notes I captured during their important presentation:
- Between 2015 and 2019, non-whites made up only 24 percent of patients in clinical trials although the U.S. population is 42 percent non-white.
- There is no major difference in either race or ethnicity reporting or enrollment between 2010-2015 and 2016-2020. Reporting is flat and has not improved in over a decade.
- In all of the journal manuscripts studied by Ryan and his team, none reported ethnicity data as part of the analysis.
- While the FDA offers guidance and states its expectations with regards to “sponsors enrolling patients who reflect the demographics for clinically relevant populations with regards to age, gender, race and ethnicity,” it’s just that — guidance. Participation and reporting remain low.
Kimberly and Ryan also discussed efforts that have been made to improve minority consideration of clinical trials and representation in those trials. These included, but were not limited to, the following actions and observations:
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Kimberly Richardson, founder of the Black Cancer Collaborative
Researchers shouldn’t assume they know what the barriers are. We should engage the community to determine what they are seeing and their reasons for not participating.
- Patients in the South Side area of Chicago didn’t have any information source or channels about participating in clinical trials.
- The presenters don’t buy into the major issue being only about trust. Instead, they believe it’s more about the fact that these potential volunteers aren’t even asked.
- Our industry needs to work on the creation of educational modules. We need to boil the information down into easy to understand language – but not dumbed down. Our industry has a way that we speak and we make assumptions about what the listener knows. Don’t make the mistake to assume the education has to be dumbed down to the audience that you’re trying to reach. They understand the terms, but they also need to understand the language that we speak.
- Create the content and then bring it back to patient advocates to create the words and the slides – run everything through a patient advocate.
- In an example of this approach, their research and findings resulted in a video intervention that increased the likelihood that a patient would want to enroll in genetic counseling from 50 to 70 percent.
Merck’s diversity initiatives
Another diversity-focused talk featured speakers from Merck, including Adrelia Allen, PharmD, PMP, director, clinical trial patient diversity and Lynne Howell, associate director, clinical research. We learned about steps Merck teams took during the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure diversity in three U.S. trials. Some of the approaches that helped them achieve better diversity included:
- Strong focus on early planning and strategies that would help drive diverse enrollment
- Targeted site selection to include locations supporting underserved populations
- Setting expectations around the importance of enrolling a diverse participant pool
- Building out a diversified recruitment strategy
Adrelia and Lynne shared examples of steps they took, from planning to execution, to improve the likelihood of success. For example, they created a site list and used epidemiology to ensure they were choosing locations where the target patient population actually exits. They started planning as soon as the protocol was in place. They used centers of excellence and got feedback in advance – discussing potential operational challenges with the protocol, as well as protocol feasibility.
During the validation phase, sites gave feedback on their ability to enroll diverse populations. They used databanks and created heat maps to ensure gender representation.
When it came to specific tactics, they designed and deployed materials that reflected diversity. Covid put the spotlight on the importance of diversity and they used technology to take smart approaches to reaching those populations and easing the burden of participation.
The site’s perspective
In yet another talk on this important subject, Audrey Escobedo-Escotto, MD, MPH, research director at Emerson Clinical Research Institute, discussed the importance of considering diversity in protocol design from a site’s perspective. She called out the missteps often taken by sponsors in the design of the protocol as it relates to what will work at sites with underserved, diverse patient populations. Her talk included practical recommendations on achieving equity (her suggested term) in enrollment.
Audrey Escobedo-Escotto, MD, MPH
Will decentralized trials help?
How does diversity play into another hot SCOPE 22 topic, decentralized trials? While decentralized trials have been given rocket fuel during the pandemic, their often technology-based approaches were called out with a cautionary tone by speakers who highlighted the gaps in adoption of such technologies across diverse groups.
Many practical approaches can be taken to engage with these communities and capture their feedback. This includes involving diverse health care professionals who are trusted by and treat underserved patients, and being intentional about diversity in each stage of the study planning, execution and reporting process.
Diversity was a refreshing and critically important topic woven throughout the broader functional areas that SCOPE covers as part of its annual curriculum. I’m looking forward to the advances we will make this year, and the sharing of good news at SCOPE 23.